Addressing Toxicity of Lead: Progress and Applications of Low‐Toxic Metal Halide Perovskites and Their Derivatives

• DOI: 10.1002/aenm.201602512
• Publication Date: 2017-03-29T06:53:10Z
• Authors: Miaoqiang Lyu; Jung‐Ho Yun; Peng Chen; Mengmeng Hao; Lianzhou Wang
• Keywords: Lead (geology); Metal halides

Metal halide perovskites have been brought to the forefront of research focus in solution‐processable photovoltaics, with device efficiency swiftly surging over 22% past few years. The state‐of‐the‐art metal that intensively investigated include toxic lead, which potentially hampers their commercialization process. To address this toxicity issue, intensive recent effort has devoted developing low‐toxic and derivatives for photovoltaic applications. Herein, progress achieved so far addressing issue lead photovoltaics is summarized. By comparing merits drawbacks different systems, current challenges opportunities field are highlighted. Potential also discussed from perspective theoretical calculations. Furthermore, promising applications beyond sector briefly discussed.