Fabrication of CZTS Films through a Combined Electrodeposition and Solution Process: An Experimental and First‐Principles Study

• DOI: 10.1002/celc.202300162
• Publication Date: 2023-06-27T10:39:52Z
• Authors: Ramazan Katirci; Mehmet Nurullah Onel; Ilhan Danaci; Kevser Irem Danaci; Salih Ozbay; Fuat Erden
• Keywords: solution process; Chemistry; electrochemistry; Industrial electrochemistry; sulfur; electrodeposition; QD1-999; 01 natural sciences; CZTS; TP250-261; 0104 chemical sciences

Abstract Sulfurization has a critical role in preparation of CZTS films since the main drawback is due to presence S‐based impurities. In general, sulfurization could be performed during or following annealing, entire structure prepared through sol‐gel. However, toxic gases are used for former, and latter takes prolonged times. Alternatively, combined electrodeposition solution process was proposed present work prepare CZTS. Briefly, we electrodeposited CZT layers on metal substrate, then immersed as‐prepared coating S containing sulfurization. The effects time, order, current density, electrolyte compositions, annealing pressure were studied. Overall, results show that content varied between 27 52 % depending parameters, thus, suggesting effectiveness approach regarding various secondary phases also detected as well considerable amount oxygen impurity. Accordingly, opted computational elucidate effect impurities, report band gap 0.59 0.05 eV which sites atoms occupy.