SERS Characterization of Filtrate Portions of Typhoid Blood Serum Samples Using 30 kDa Filtration Devices

• DOI: 10.1002/jrs.6793
• Publication Date: 2025-03-18T10:08:14Z
• Authors: Maida Ehsan; Muhammad Suleman ...; Haq Nawaz; Muhammad Irfan Ma...; Nosheen Rashid; Norah A. Albekairi; Abdulrahman Alsha...; Arslan Ali; Muhammad Zeshan K...; Abdul Lateef; Iqra Arshad; Iqra Mobeen; Saqib Ali
• Keywords: Filtration (mathematics); Characterization

ABSTRACT Typhoid fever remains a significant global public health concern and continues to pose serious diagnostic challenges, particularly in the differentiation of different stages infection. In this study, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) combined with ultracentrifugation was explored design reliable method for characterization identification typhoid serum filtrate. During analysis samples by SERS, presence high molecular weight fractions (HMWF) occupying greater surface area masks low (LMWF). Therefore, HMWF removed from healthy samples, SERS employed biomolecular filtrate portions containing LMWF less than 30 kDa. Silver nanoparticles, as substrates, were used that enhanced signals biomolecules samples. The results show notable differences spectra two (control group) at 394, 648, 742, 771, 930, 1012, 1218, 1424, 1538 cm −1 . A chemometric tool, principal component (PCA), differentiate early‐ late‐stage each other control group. PCA highlighted spectral between diseased classified them separately proves ability has characterized differentiated effectively well individuals using blood proved offered noninvasive, rapid, cost‐effective disease detection progression study.