Water Quality Index, Heavy Metals, and Endocrine Disruptors in the Saigon River Basin: Pollution Assessment and Correlation Analysis

• DOI: 10.1002/tqem.70063
• Publication Date: 2025-02-21T07:55:17Z
• Authors: Nguyen Xuan Tong; Nguyen Kim Hoa; Nguyen Thi Thu Tram; Luu Tang Phuc Khang

ABSTRACT The present study aims to assess surface water quality (WQI), wastewater (WWQI), and the presence of toxic chemicals, including metals endocrine‐disrupting compounds (EDCs), in Saigon River basin. A total 27 samples from nine locations basin 30 10 industrial parks were collected 2023. In addition, Pearson correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), cluster (CA) employed investigate relationships potential sources parameters, heavy metals, EDCs wastewater. Water Quality Index (WQI) revealed that five (S2, S3, S6, S7, S9) classified as poor (WQI: 47–50), while four (S1, S4, S5, S8) exhibited moderate 53–64). For wastewater, three (W2, W3, W7) showed low‐strength (WWQI: 36–40), (W4, W6, W8, W10) had medium‐strength 54–74), (W1, W5, W9) displayed high‐strength 76–80). Pb (0.50 mg/L) Cr (0.10 concentrations higher than limits set by QCVN 08:2023/BTNMT (Pb < 0.02 mg/L 0.05 mg/L). concentration was 0.60 mg/L, 40:2021/BTNMT limit 0.5 highest amount nonylphenol monoethoxylate (NP1EO) found (179.67 ± 24.88 ng/L), octylphenol (OP) (20,000.00 8509.79 ng/L). test a strong positive relationship between bisphenol (BPA) diethoxylate (NP2EO) ( r = 0.80) NP1EO 0.99). identified NP Zn 0.94) BPA 0.96). Notably, no significant correlations other suggesting pollution originates multiple point related industrialization urbanization activities PCA CA results corroborated identifying human waste discharge primary contributor pollution. Therefore, highlight urgent need for comprehensive monitoring strategies, particularly near residential areas, develop enforce stricter regulations mitigate environmental