Monitoring of essential and toxic elements in multi-ingredient food supplements produced in European Union

• DOI: 10.1007/s00003-018-1148-y
• Publication Date: 2018-01-19T05:06:48Z
• Authors: Barbara Poniedziałek; Przemysław Niedzi...; Lidia Kozak; Paweł Rzymski; Marcin Wachelka; Izabela Rzymska; Jacek Karczewski; Piotr Rzymski
• Keywords: Reference Daily Intake; Hydrochloric acid

The market of food supplements (FS) in European Union (EU) is on the rise. present study investigated content essential (Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Zn) and toxic elements (Cd, Cr(VI), Ni Pb) 168 FS produced EU designed to support various health aspects (nutrition, neurological function, reproduction, weight loss, cosmetic appearance). majority did not exceed a dissolution time 60 min hydrochloric acid (89.8%) phosphate buffer (85.7%). Cd Cr(VI) were detected any FS, Pb sporadically (in 10.1 6.5%, respectively) at mean concentrations 0.06 0.07 mg/single unit dose, respectively. All containing detectable levels had exceeded maximum allowance level (3.0 mg kg−1) set by Commission. Generally, determined fall greatly below recommended safety upper limits, except Fe selected (mainly for pregnant women). Compared value declared product label, tested displayed mineral accepted margin (70–130%). In general, studied can be considered safe although discrepancies between are worrisome. These findings important view consumer safety.