Deoxynivalenol-sulfates: identification and quantification of novel conjugated (masked) mycotoxins in wheat

• DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8340-4
• Publication Date: 2014-12-09T09:05:57Z
• Authors: Benedikt Warth; Philipp Fruhmann; Gerlinde Wiesenbe...; Bernhard Kluger; Bojan Sarkanj; Marc Lemmens; Christian Hametner; Johannes Fröhlich; Gerhard Adam; Rudolf Krska; Rainer Schuhmacher
• Keywords: 2. Zero hunger; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; 0303 health sciences; Molecular Structure; Food Contamination; Mycotoxins; Biochemistry; Analytical Chemistry; 03 medical and health sciences; Fusarium; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Calibration; LC-MS/MS ; Masked mycotoxin ; Phase II metabolism ; Wheat (Triticum aestivum) ; Plant-pathogen interaction ; Toxicity assessment; Trichothecenes; Rapid Communication; Triticum; Chromatography, Liquid

We report the identification of deoxynivalenol-3-sulfate and deoxynivalenol-15-sulfate as two novel metabolites trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol in wheat. Wheat ears which were either artificially infected with Fusarium graminearum or directly treated major toxin (DON) sampled 96 h after treatment. Reference standards, have been chemically synthesized confirmed by NMR, used to establish a liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization (LC-ESI)-MS/MS-based "dilute shoot" method for detection, unambiguous identification, quantification both sulfate conjugates wheat extracts. Using this approach, detection limits 0.003 mg/kg 0.002 achieved. Matrix-matched calibration was DON-sulfates investigated samples. In DON-treated samples, DON-3-sulfate detected range 0.29-1.4 fresh weight while DON-15-sulfate concentrations significantly lower (range 0.015-0.061 weight). Fusarium-infected only conjugate 0.022-0.059 These results clearly demonstrate potential form DON. order test whether sulfation is detoxification reaction planta, we determined ability sulfated DON derivatives inhibit vitro protein synthesis ribosomes. The that can be regarded products. about 44× less inhibitory than native toxin, no toxicity observed tested range.