Monitoring multiple myeloma in the peripheral blood based on cell-free DNA and circulating plasma cells

• DOI: 10.1007/s00277-022-04771-5
• Publication Date: 2022-02-01T23:02:26Z
• Authors: Elisabeth K. M. Mack; Sören Hartmann; Petra Ross; Ellen Wollmer; Christoph Mann; Andreas Neubauer; Cornelia Brendel; Jörg Hoffmann
• Keywords: Minimal Residual Disease; Hematology; Plasma cell neoplasm; Cell-free fetal DNA

With the advent of novel, highly effective therapies for multiple myeloma (MM), classical serologic monitoring appears insufficient response assessment and prediction relapse. Moreover, studies in MM are hampered by interference therapeutic antibodies. The detection malignant plasma cell clones next generation sequencing (NGS) or multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) circumvents these difficulties can be performed peripheral blood (pB) targeting circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) cells (CPCs), thus also avoiding an invasive sampling procedure. Here, we applied NGS VJ light chain (LC) rearrangements cfDNA MFC magnetically-enriched CD138-positive CPCs (me-MFC) to investigate disease burden unselected patients. Sequencing was successful 114/130 (87.7%) samples me-MFC results were analyzable 196/205 (95.6%) samples. detectable 38.9% taken at initial diagnosis relapse (ID/RD), but only 11.8% during complete remission (CR). Circulating present 83.3% ID/RD 9.9% CR Residual very good partial 80% concordant. Notably, 4/4 5/8 positive from patients with oligo- non-secretory myeloma. time progression shorter if there evidence residual pB. Together, our findings indicate that two novel analytical approaches accurately course may particularly valuable serologically non-trackable disease.