Breastfeeding may benefit cardiometabolic health of children exposed to increased gestational glycemia in utero
Blood Glucose
330
Breastfeeding
LONG-TERM IMPACT
610
BLOOD-PRESSURE
Body Mass Index
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Pregnancy
Humans
Prospective Studies
EARLY-CHILDHOOD
Child
Gestational diabetes
Triglycerides
Adiposity
PLASMA-GLUCOSE
HUMAN-MILK
INSULIN-RESISTANCE
Science & Technology
MATERNAL GLYCEMIA
Nutrition & Dietetics
Water
DIABETES-MELLITUS
Lipids
Cardiometabolic risk
3. Good health
Diabetes, Gestational
Breast Feeding
Cardiovascular Diseases
Fat partitioning
OBESITY
Female
Glycemia
GLUCOSE-TOLERANCE
Life Sciences & Biomedicine
DOI:
10.1007/s00394-022-02800-7
Publication Date:
2022-02-06T12:02:26Z
AUTHORS (26)
ABSTRACT
There is altered breastmilk composition among mothers with gestational diabetes and conflicting evidence on whether breastfeeding is beneficial or detrimental to their offspring's cardiometabolic health. We aimed to investigate associations between breastfeeding and offspring's cardiometabolic health across the range of gestational glycemia.We included 827 naturally conceived, term singletons from a prospective mother-child cohort. We measured gestational (26-28 weeks) fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and 2-h plasma glucose (2 hPG) after an oral glucose tolerance test as continuous variables. Participants were classified into 2 breastfeeding categories (high/intermediate vs. low) according to their breastfeeding duration and exclusivity. Main outcome measures included magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-measured abdominal fat, intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), and liver fat, quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR)-measured body fat mass, blood pressure, blood lipids, and insulin resistance at 6 years old (all continuous variables). We evaluated if gestational glycemia (FPG and 2 hPG) modified the association of breastfeeding with offspring outcomes after adjusting for confounders using a multiple linear regression model that included a 'gestational glycemia × breastfeeding' interaction term.With increasing gestational FPG, high/intermediate (vs. low) breastfeeding was associated with lower levels of IMCL (p-interaction = 0.047), liver fat (p-interaction = 0.033), and triglycerides (p-interaction = 0.007), after adjusting for confounders. Specifically, at 2 standard deviations above the mean gestational FPG level, high/intermediate (vs. low) breastfeeding was linked to lower adjusted mean IMCL [0.39% of water signal (0.29, 0.50) vs. 0.54% of water signal (0.46, 0.62)], liver fat [0.39% by weight (0.20, 0.58) vs. 0.72% by weight (0.59, 0.85)], and triglycerides [0.62 mmol/L (0.51, 0.72) vs. 0.86 mmol/L (0.75, 0.97)]. 2 hPG did not significantly modify the association between breastfeeding and childhood cardiometabolic risk.Our findings suggest breastfeeding may confer protection against adverse fat partitioning and higher triglyceride concentration among children exposed to increased glycemia in utero.
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CITATIONS (8)
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