Impact of a food-based dietary fat exchange model for replacing dietary saturated with unsaturated fatty acids in healthy men on plasma phospholipids fatty acid profiles and dietary patterns

• DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02910-2
• Publication Date: 2022-06-06T16:03:07Z
• Authors: Laury Sellem; Rona Antoni; Athanasios Koutsos; Ezgi Ozen; Gloria Wong; Hasnaa Ayyad; Michelle Weech; Matthias B. Schulze; Andreas Wernitz; Barbara A. Fielding; M. Denise Robertson; Kim G. Jackson; Bruce A. Griffin; Julie A. Lovegrove
• Keywords: Dietary fat; Saturated fatty acid; Dietary Cholesterol; Food composition data; Unsaturated fatty acid

Abstract Purpose UK guidelines recommend dietary saturated fatty acids (SFAs) should not exceed 10% total energy (%TE) for cardiovascular disease prevention, with benefits observed when SFAs are replaced unsaturated (UFAs). This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a exchange model using commercially available foods replace UFAs. Methods Healthy men ( n = 109, age 48, SD 11 year) recruited Reading, Imperial, Surrey, Saturated fat Cholesterol Intervention-1 (RISSCI-1) (ClinicalTrials.Gov n°NCT03270527) followed two sequential 4-week isoenergetic moderate-fat (34%TE) diets: high-SFA (18%TE SFAs, 16%TE UFAs) and low-SFA (10%TE 24%TE UFAs). Dietary intakes were assessed 4-day weighed diet diaries. Nutrient analysed paired t -tests, fasting plasma phospholipid acid (PL-FA) profiles patterns orthogonal partial least square discriminant analyses. Results Participants exchanged 10.2%TE (SD 4.1) 9.7%TE 3.9) UFAs between high diets, reaching target minimal effect on other nutrients or intakes. Analyses confirmed successful incorporation recommended from sources (e.g. dairy products, snacks, oils, fats), without affecting participants’ overall PL-FAs indicated good compliance intervention varying SFA content. Conclusions RISSCI-1 successfully in free-living healthy foods, altering their patterns. Further studies required confirm utility feasibility such food-based replacement models at population level.