A 6-year follow-up of a large European cohort of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder-combined subtype: outcomes in late adolescence and young adulthood

• DOI: 10.1007/s00787-016-0820-y
• Publication Date: 2016-02-02T08:48:39Z
• Authors: Marloes van Lieshout; Marjolein Luman; Jos W. R. Twisk; Hanneke van Ewijk; Annabeth P. Groenman; Andrieke J. A. M....; Stephen V. Faraone; Dirk J. Heslenfeld; Catharina A. Hartman; Pieter J. Hoekstra; Barbara Franke; Jan K. Buitelaar; Nanda N. J. Rommelse; Jaap Oosterlaan
• Keywords: Conduct disorder

There are very few studies on the long-term outcome of children and adolescents with ADHD-combined type in Europe. The objective present study is to assess 6-year (including pharmacological treatment) a large cohort participants (N = 347, mean age 11.4 years) late adolescence early adulthood. At entry follow-up (mean 17.4 years), were comprehensively assessed ADHD comorbid disorders by structured psychiatric interviews multi-informant questionnaires. Overall functioning was Children’s Global Assessment Scale. retention rate 75.6 %. majority (86.5 %) persisted DSM-5 diagnosis, 8.4 % had subthreshold 5.1 remitted from disorder at follow-up. Comorbidities decreased strongly; oppositional defiant disorder: 58 > 31 %, conduct 19 7 follow-up, mood- anxiety virtually non-existent following strict criteria (1–3 %). Percentage having treatment any time increased 79 91 On Scale, 48.5 still functionally impaired Parental ADHD, higher symptom severity baseline parent-reported impairment positively predicted current (R 2 20.9 Younger age, associated poorer overall 17.8 Pharmacological no (beneficial) impact either or functioning. Results confirm that largely persistent into family history for as important risk factors.