Sustainable closed-loop supply chain with energy efficiency: Lagrangian relaxation, reformulations and heuristics

• DOI: 10.1007/s10479-022-04661-z
• Publication Date: 2022-04-20T15:03:26Z
• Authors: Hamed Soleimani; Prem Chhetri; Amir M. Fathollah...; S. M. J. Mirzapou...; Shahrooz Shahparvari
• Keywords: Lagrangian relaxation; Heuristics; Remanufacturing; Theory of computation

Abstract Research on the development of sustainable supply chain models is highly active nowadays. Merging concept management with goals, leads to simultaneous consideration all economic, environmental and social factors. This paper addresses design a closed-loop including suppliers, manufacturers, distribution centers, customer zones, disposal centers considering consumption energy. In addition, play roles warehouse collection centers. The problem involves three choices remanufacturing, recycling, disposing returned items. objectives are total profit, energy number created job opportunities. As far as we know, these rarely considered in model. proposed model also responds demand real-life constraints for location, allocation inventory decisions framework. Another novelty this research develop set efficient Lagrangian relaxation reformulations fast heuristics solving real-world numerical example. results have revealed that obtained solution feasible developed algorithm models. Finally, comprehensive discussion provided highlight our findings managerial insights from results.