Acoustic positioning for deep sea neutrino telescopes with a system of piezo sensors integrated into glass spheres

• DOI: 10.1007/s10686-024-09971-7
• Publication Date: 2025-01-04T09:47:11Z
• Authors: A. Albert; S. Alves; M. André; M. Ardid; S. Ardid; J.-J. Aubert; J. Aublin; B. Baret; S. Basa; Y. Becherini; B. Belhorma; M. Bendahman; F. Benfenati; V. Bertin; S. Biagi; J. Boumaaza; M. Bouta; M. C. Bouwhuis; H. Brânzaş; R. Bruijn; J. Brunner; J. Busto; B. Caiffi; D. Calvo; S. Campion; A. Capone; F. Carenini; J. Carr; V. Carretero; S. Celli; L. Cerisy; M. Chabab; R. Cherkaoui El M...; T. Chiarusi; M. Circella; J. A. B. Coelho; A. Coleiro; R. Coniglione; P. Coyle; A. Creusot; A. F. Díaz; B. De Martino; C. Distefano; I. Di Palma; C. Donzaud; D. Dornic; D. Drouhin; T. Eberl; A. Eddymaoui; T. van Eeden; D. van Eijk; S. El Hedri; N. El Khayati; A. Enzenhöfer; P. Fermani; G. Ferrara; F. Filippini; L. Fusco; S. Gagliardini; J. García; C. Gatius Oliver; P. Gay; N. Geißelbrecht; H. Glotin; R. Gozzini; R. Gracia Ruiz; K. Graf; C. Guidi; L. Haegel; H. van Haren; A. J. Heijboer; Y. Hello; L. Hennig; J. J. Hernández-Rey; J. Hößl; F. Huang; G. Illuminati; B. Jisse-Jung; M. de Jong; P. de Jong; M. Kadler; O. Kalekin; U. Katz; A. Kouchner; I. Kreykenbohm; V. Kulikovskiy; R. Lahmann; M. Lamoureux; A. Lazo; D. Lefèvre; E. Leonora; G. Levi; S. Le Stum; S. Loucatos; J. Manczak; M. Marcelin; A. Margiotta; A. Marinelli; J. A. Martínez-Mora; P. Migliozzi; A. Moussa; R. Muller; S. Navas; E. Nezri; B. Ó Fearraigh; E. Oukacha; A. Păun; G. E. Păvălaş; S. Peña-Martínez; M. Perrin-Terrin; P. Piattelli; C. Poirè; V. Popa; T. Pradier; N. Randazzo; D. Real; G. Riccobene; A. Romanov; A. Sánchez-Losa; A. Saina; F. Salesa Greus; D. F. E. Samtleben; M. Sanguineti; P. Sapienza; F. Schüssler; J. Seneca; M. Spurio; Th. Stolarczyk; M. Taiuti; Y. Tayalati; B. Vallage; G. Vannoye; V. Van Elewyck; S. Viola; D. Vivolo; J. Wilms; S. Zavatarelli; A. Zegarelli; J. D. Zornoza; J. Zúñiga
• Keywords: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors; tube; water; FOS: Physical sciences; ceramics; Neutrino telescope; 530; acoustic; neutrino; pressure; excited state; site; Cherenkov; [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]; KM3NeT; Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM); glass; Acoustic positioning; Deep sea; Lamb waves; Neutrino telescope; Piezo; photomultiplier; ANTARES; Lamb waves; detector; electronics; Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det); calibration; tracks; Deep sea; radiation; monitoring; Acoustic positioning; [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]; FISICA APLICADA; sphere; Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics; asymmetry; Piezo

Abstract Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more emitters installed at known positions. Rather than hydrophones as receivers that are exposed to ambient pressure, sound signals can be coupled piezo ceramics glued inside existing containers for electronics measuring instruments a infrastructure. The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated from 2006 until 2022 Mediterranean Sea depth exceeding 2000 m . It comprised nearly 900 glass spheres with 432 mm diameter and 15 thickness, equipped photomultiplier tubes detect Cherenkov light tracks charged elementary particles. In an experimental setup within ANTARES, sensors have been such – otherwise empty spheres. These recorded frequencies 46545 60235 Hz Two waves propagating through sphere found result excitation water. qualitatively associated symmetric asymmetric Lamb-like zeroth order: fast (early) one $$\varvec{v_e \approx 5\,{\textbf {mm}}/\mu \text {s}}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>v</mml:mi> <mml:mi>e</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mo>≈</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5</mml:mn> <mml:mspace/> <mml:mi>mm</mml:mi> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>μ</mml:mi> <mml:mtext>s</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> slow (late) $$\varvec{v_\ell \,2\,{\textbf <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> Taking these findings into account improves accuracy position calibration. results transferred KM3NeT telescope, currently under construction multiple sites Sea, which concept has adapted monitoring positions tubes.