Acoustic positioning for deep sea neutrino telescopes with a system of piezo sensors integrated into glass spheres
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
tube
water
FOS: Physical sciences
ceramics
Neutrino telescope
530
acoustic
neutrino
pressure
excited state
site
Cherenkov
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]
KM3NeT
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM)
glass
Acoustic positioning; Deep sea; Lamb waves; Neutrino telescope; Piezo
photomultiplier
ANTARES
Lamb waves
detector
electronics
Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det)
calibration
tracks
Deep sea
radiation
monitoring
Acoustic positioning
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det]
FISICA APLICADA
sphere
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
asymmetry
Piezo
DOI:
10.1007/s10686-024-09971-7
Publication Date:
2025-01-04T09:47:11Z
AUTHORS (140)
ABSTRACT
Abstract
Position calibration in the deep sea is typically done by means of acoustic multilateration using three or more acoustic emitters installed at known positions. Rather than using hydrophones as receivers that are exposed to the ambient pressure, the sound signals can be coupled to piezo ceramics glued to the inside of existing containers for electronics or measuring instruments of a deep sea infrastructure. The ANTARES neutrino telescope operated from 2006 until 2022 in the Mediterranean Sea at a depth exceeding 2000 m. It comprised nearly 900 glass spheres with 432 mm diameter and 15 mm thickness, equipped with photomultiplier tubes to detect Cherenkov light from tracks of charged elementary particles. In an experimental setup within ANTARES, piezo sensors have been glued to the inside of such – otherwise empty – glass spheres. These sensors recorded signals from acoustic emitters with frequencies from 46545 to 60235 Hz. Two waves propagating through the glass sphere are found as a result of the excitation by the waves in the water. These can be qualitatively associated with symmetric and asymmetric Lamb-like waves of zeroth order: a fast (early) one with
$$\varvec{v_e \approx 5\,{\textbf {mm}}/\mu \text {s}}$$
v
e
≈
5
mm
/
μ
s
and a slow (late) one with
$$\varvec{v_\ell \approx \,2\,{\textbf {mm}}/\mu \text {s}}$$
v
ℓ
≈
2
mm
/
μ
s
. Taking these findings into account improves the accuracy of the position calibration. The results can be transferred to the KM3NeT neutrino telescope, currently under construction at multiple sites in the Mediterranean Sea, for which the concept of piezo sensors glued to the inside of glass spheres has been adapted for monitoring the positions of the photomultiplier tubes.
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CITATIONS (1)
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