Unravelling the Electrical Conductivity of Earth and Planets

• DOI: 10.1007/s10712-023-09813-9
• Publication Date: 2024-01-06T11:02:33Z
• Authors: Alexander Grayver
• Keywords: 01 natural sciences; 0105 earth and related environmental sciences

Abstract This review presents the progress made in last decade field of large-scale electromagnetic (EM) induction with natural sources, which fluctuate at periods from seconds to years and originate oceans, ionosphere magnetosphere. These mechanisms produce variations that can be used image subsurface electrical structure Earth planets across scales depths shallow crust lower mantle. In decade, we have seen a substantial different areas related methods, observations 3-D numerical modelling EM phenomena crustal mantle scales. Specifically, new methods for handling complex ionospheric magnetospheric sources were proposed, accompanied by more efficient forward inverse tools allowed us combine several broadband constrain conductivity on multiple simultaneously. Magnetic signals due oceanic tides established as source probe sub-oceanic upper Further, launch ESA Swarm satellites 2013 their successful ongoing operation marked era induction, unlocking set opportunities, but also posing challenges. developments backed lab measurements minerals temperatures pressures are getting closer relevant pressure temperature conditions mantle, alleviating need inaccurate extrapolations. The latter enabled plausible quantitative estimates water content, melt fractions parallel, models along developed techniques become an integral part geomagnetic geomagnetically induced currents (GICs) workflows, establishing inter-disciplinary knowledge domains.