Understanding Active Region Origins and Emergence on the Sun and Other Cool Stars

• DOI: 10.1007/s11214-023-01006-5
• Publication Date: 2023-10-17T08:02:08Z
• Authors: Maria A. Weber; Hannah Schunker; Laurène Jouve; Emre Işık
• Keywords: Photosphere; Solar dynamo; Magnetism

Abstract The emergence of active regions on the Sun is an integral feature solar dynamo mechanism. However, details about generation active-region-scale magnetism and journey this magnetic flux from interior to photosphere are still in question. Shifting paradigms now developing for source depth Sun’s large-scale magnetism, organization into fibril tubes, role convection shaping active-region observables. Here we review landscape theories simulations, highlight plays global process, make connections between other cool stars. As longer-term higher fidelity observations both their associated flows amassed, it possible place new constraints models emerging flux. We discuss outcomes statistical studies which provide observational evidence that may be a more passive process (at least upper zone); dominated greater extent by influence lesser buoyancy Coriolis force acting rising tubes than previously thought. also how relationship stellar rotation, fractional zone depth, activity stars can help us better understand processes. Looking forward, identify open questions regarding anticipate addressed next decade with further simulations.