Gender differences in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a pilot study

• DOI: 10.1007/s11325-024-03052-x
• Publication Date: 2024-05-08T09:02:33Z
• Authors: Antonio Fabozzi; Federico Pasqualotto; Marianna Laguardia; Pietro Francesco ...; Rosaria Capone; Alessia Steffanina; Daniela Pellegrino; Federica Olmati; Caterina Antonaglia; Paolo Palange
• Keywords: Male; Adult; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article; Polysomnography; Pilot Projects; Middle Aged; Body Mass Index; 03 medical and health sciences; Sex Factors; 0302 clinical medicine; Supine Position; Humans; Patient Compliance; Female; continuous positive airway pressure; disorders of excessive somnolence; obstructive sleep apnea; polysomnography; sleep apnea syndromes; Aged

Abstract Purpose OSAS is a syndrome that often presents clinically differently between men and women. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical presentation, nocturnal home sleep cardiorespiratory monitoring and therapeutic adherence to CPAP in both sexes to identify the most frequent patterns.

Methods Data from the first visit, the nocturnal home sleep cardiorespiratory monitoring and follow-up visit of 74 OSA patients were collected. Exclusion criteria included other respiratory and/or neuromuscular diseases (including Obesity hypoventilation syndrome) and other non-respiratory sleep disorders.

Results Men were older and had a higher supine AHI and ODI compared to women. In addition, BMI and age correlated positively with AHI in males. Women had a higher hypopneas frequency and better therapeutic adherence to CPAP.

Conclusions Men were associated with a higher AHI when sleeping in the supine position and this may be useful to look for new therapeutic options in combination with or as an alternative to CPAP. BMI correlated positively with AHI in men and this should be considered to stimulate weight loss as the main treatment to reduce the number of apneas/hypopneas, as men also had less therapeutic adherence to CPAP in our study. Females presented a significantly higher frequency of hypopneas than men, as well as a lower number of desaturation events per hour (ODI): these differences in the nocturnal home sleep cardiorespiratory monitoring could reflect different pathophysiological mechanisms of OSAS onset between the two sexes, which should be investigated in future scientific studies.