Linking biochemical and individual-level effects of chlorpyrifos, triphenyl phosphate, and bisphenol A on sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae

• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19099-w
• Publication Date: 2022-02-14T22:03:06Z
• Authors: Juan Bellas; Diego Rial; Juliana Valdés; Leticia Vidal-Liñán; Juan I. Bertucci; Soledad Muniategui; Víctor M. León; Juan A. Campillo
• Keywords: Paracentrotus lividus; Triphenyl phosphate; Glutathione reductase; EC50; Carboxylesterase

The effects of three relevant organic pollutants: chlorpyrifos (CPF), a widely used insecticide, triphenyl phosphate (TPHP), employed as flame retardant and plastic additive, bisphenol A (BPA), primarily on sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) larvae, were investigated. Experiments consisted exposing fertilized eggs throughout their development to the 4-arm pluteus larval stage. antioxidant enzymes glutathione reductase (GR) catalase (CAT), phase II detoxification enzyme S-transferase (GST), neurotransmitter catabolism acetylcholinesterase (AChE) assessed in combination with responses at individual level (larval growth). CPF was most toxic compound 10 50% effective concentrations (EC10 EC50) values 60 279 μg/l (0.17 0.80 μM), followed by TPHP EC10 EC50 224 1213 (0.68 3.7 BPA 885 1549 (3.9 6.8 μM). toxicity compounds attributed oxidative stress, modulation AChE response, and/or reduction efficacy. Increasing trends CAT activity observed for and, lower extent, CPF. GR showed bell-shaped response larvae exposed CPF, whereas caused an increasing trend GR. GST also displayed exposure decreasing TPHP. An inhibition pattern concentrations. potential role metabolism proposed, but not or BPA, significant increase associated stress TPHP-exposed larvae. Among biochemical responses, found be reliable biomarker early-life stages, providing first sign damage. These results show that integration fitness-related (e.g., growth) may help improve knowledge about impact substances marine ecosystems.