Uncovering biodegradability and biocompatibility of betaine-based deep eutectic systems

• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-25000-6
• Publication Date: 2023-01-06T13:04:48Z
• Authors: Inês João Ferreira; Alexandre Paiva; Mário Diniz; Ana Rita Duarte
• Keywords: Betaine; Biocompatibility

Abstract Deep eutectic systems (DES) have shown increasing popularity in last decade; however, the number of studies on potential toxicity towards living organisms remains scarce. These are utmost importance to infer claimed non-toxicity and biocompatibility DES. Most articles published, at this moment, only evaluate a cell model or different strains bacteria. For purpose, work, effect two DES (betaine:sorbitol:water 1:1:3 betaine:glycerol 1:2) their individual components were evaluated concentrations after administered via intraperitoneal injection zebrafish ( Danio rerio ). The total antioxidant capacity, lipoperoxidation, activity various enzymes that work pathways (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, S-transferase) assessed. results show no significant within tested concentrations: up 5000 µM 3000 µM, for assays using system betaine:sorbitol:water 1:2, respectively. was studied 1000 µM. Based encouraging been obtained, it is safe conclude these deep can be used as new class environmentally friendly solvents. Graphical