The Association of Stigma with Self-Reported Access to Medical Care and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence in Persons Living with HIV/AIDS

• DOI: 10.1007/s11606-009-1068-8
• Publication Date: 2009-08-03T08:55:25Z
• Authors: Jennifer N. Sayles; Mitchell D. Wong; Janni J. Kinsler; David Martins; William E. Cunnin...
• Keywords: Male; 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services; Clinical sciences; HIV Infections; Health Services Accessibility; 0302 clinical medicine; 7.1 Individual care needs; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; 10. No inequality; Public health; Middle Aged; 16. Peace & justice; 3. Good health; Infectious Diseases; Mental Health; HIV/AIDS; Original Article; Female; Public Health; Infection; Adult; Adolescent; Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities; antiretroviral; Clinical Sciences; 610; Antiretroviral Therapy; Young Adult; 03 medical and health sciences; Clinical Research; Health Services and Systems; General & Internal Medicine; 616; Health Sciences; Behavioral and Social Science; Health services and systems; Internal Medicine; Humans; Highly Active; care; Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome; Stereotyping; Biomedical and Clinical Sciences; Prevention; HIV; Self Concept; Good Health and Well Being; Cross-Sectional Studies; stigma; Sexually Transmitted Infections; Patient Compliance

The stigma of HIV-infection may profoundly affect the lives of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). However few studies have examined the association of HIV stigma with multiple components of HIV treatment and care.To estimate the association between HIV stigma and: self-reported access to care, regular source of HIV care, and antiretroviral therapy adherence; and to test whether mental health mediates these associations.Cross-sectional study.202 PLHA living in Los Angeles County in 2007.Participants completed an anonymous survey, assessing internalized HIV stigma (28-items, alpha = 0.93), self-reported access to medical care (six items, alpha = 0.75), regular source of HIV care, and antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence.One-third of participants reported high levels of stigma; 77% reported poor access to care; 42.5% reported suboptimal ART adherence; and 10.5% reported no regular source of HIV care. In unadjusted analysis, those reporting a high level of stigma were more likely to report poor access to care (OR = 4.97, 95% CI 2.54-9.72), regular source of HIV care (OR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.00-6.19), and ART adherence (OR = 2.45, 95% CI 1.23-4.91). In adjusted analyses, stigma was significantly associated with poor access to care (OR = 4.42, 95% CI 1.88-10.37), but not regular source of HIV care or ART adherence. Mental health mediated the relationship between stigma and ART adherence, but not poor access to care or regular source of HIV care.The association of stigma with self-reported access to care and adherence suggests that efforts to improve these components of HIV care will require a better understanding of the possible effects of stigma and its mediators.