Dynamic biomarkers indicate the immunological benefits provided by Ganoderma spore powder in post-operative breast and lung cancer patients

• DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02547-9
• Publication Date: 2021-01-06T16:34:24Z
• Authors: Y. Deng; J. Ma; D. Tang; Q. Zhang
• Keywords: Adult; Aged, 80 and over; 0303 health sciences; Lung Neoplasms; Neutrophils; Breast Neoplasms; Ganoderma; Middle Aged; Combined Modality Therapy; 3. Good health; Leukocyte Count; 03 medical and health sciences; Double-Blind Method; Cytokines; Humans; Female; Serum Globulins; Immunotherapy; Lymphocytes; Prospective Studies; Powders; Serum Albumin; Aged

T lymphocyte are a strong indicator of treatment immune response. This study was aimed to determine the utility of T lymphocyte subsets, cytokines and inflammatory biomarkers in predicting the immunological benefits of Ganoderma spore powder (G. lucidum) in post-operative patients with breast and lung cancer.We prospectively evaluated 120 breast and lung cancer patients with or without G. lucidum. T lymphocyte subsets with relative cytokines were detected using flow cytometry and PCR and assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. The relationships between albumin-to-globulin ratio (AGR) and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with G. lucidum treatment and prognosis were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression methods.The prevalence of CD3 + CD4 + , CD3 + HLADR- types was higher in G. lucidum group compared to control, whilst CD4 + CD25 + Treg, CD3 + HLADR + cell types was lower. IL-12 levels were significantly higher during the treatment period which negatively impacted levels of IL-10. Other immunosuppressive factors such as COX2 and TGF-β1 had lower prevalence in treated patients. Correlation analysis showed a positive relationship between IL-10 and CD28. IL-2 was positively related to TGF-β1, whilst it was negatively related to CD3. Kaplan-Meier analysis suggested that low AGR/high NLR was related to poor progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). A combination of high AGR and low NLR may predicted treatment benefits associated with PFS and OS.Our findings show that T lymphocyte subsets combined with relevant cytokines and AGR/NLR inflammatory predictors may help to identify patients most likely to benefit from the immunological enhancements from G. lucidum treatment.