Multiple pathways towards achieving a living income for different types of smallholder tree-crop commodity farmers

• DOI: 10.1007/s12571-021-01220-5
• Publication Date: 2021-10-18T06:11:34Z
• Authors: Y. R. Waarts; V. Janssen; R. Aryeetey; D. Onduru; D. Heriyanto; S. Tin Aprillya; A. N’Guessan; L. Courbois; D. Bakker; V. J. Ingram
• Keywords: Tree (set theory)

Abstract Many sources indicate that smallholder tree-crop commodity farmers are poor, but there is a paucity of data on how many them poor and the depth poverty. The living income concept establishes net annual required for household in place to afford decent standard living. Based datasets cocoa tea Ghana, Ivory Coast Kenya literature, we conclude large proportion such do not have potential earn based their current situation. Because these typically cultivate small farm sizes low capacity invest diversify, no silver bullets move out We present an assessment approach results insights into which interventions can be effective improving livelihoods different types farmers. While it morally imperative all households poverty supported income, literature focussing short- medium-term with likelihood generating could be: food security health, finding off-farm alternative employment, social assistance programmes. In long term, land governance policies address fragmentation secure rights. Achieving incomes production requires more discussion engagement members within communities, coordination between involved stakeholders, sharing lessons learnt data.