Carbonic anhydrase 1 is a promising biomarker for early detection of non-small cell lung cancer

• DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3834-z
• Publication Date: 2015-07-31T13:50:11Z
• Authors: Dong-bin Wang; Xi-ke Lu; Xun Zhang; Zhi-gang Li; Cai-xia Li
• Keywords: Adult; Male; 0303 health sciences; Carbonic Anhydrase I; Lung Neoplasms; Gene Expression Profiling; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Pilot Projects; Middle Aged; Sensitivity and Specificity; 3. Good health; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; 03 medical and health sciences; ROC Curve; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung; Biomarkers, Tumor; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Humans; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Female; Isoelectric Point; Aged; Carbonic Anhydrases

This study aimed to identify candidate biomarkers associated with stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Sera from three groups, a lung cancer group (n = 11), benign control group (n = 12), and normal control group (n = 10), were collected and pooled. Protein expression profiles were analyzed by a combination of two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). These methods were used to separate, screen, and identify proteins that were differentially expressed between stage I NSCLC and controls. Differentially expressed proteins were validated by both Western blot and ELISA in an expanded sample size (22, 18, and 18 in three groups, respectively). MALDI-MS identified 12 differentially expressed proteins in the lung cancer group compared to the two control groups. Expression of carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA1) was validated by Western blot. CA1 was significantly elevated in the lung cancer group compared to controls. ELISA results confirmed that CA1 in the lung cancer group (3.18 ± 1.27 ng/mL, n = 22) was highly expressed in stage I NSCLC patients compared to those in the benign control group (2.21 ± 0.71 ng/mL, n = 18) and the normal control group (2.04 ± 0.63 ng/mL, n = 18) (P = 0.001). In conclusion, we provide evidence that CA1 is highly expressed in the sera of stage I NSCLC patients. Additionally, CA1 might serve as a novel biomarker for early detection of NSCLC.