Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using leaf extract of Dittrichia viscosa and in vivo assessment of its anti-diabetic efficacy

• DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01163-0
• Publication Date: 2022-05-02T14:13:43Z
• Authors: Sanaa Ayyoub; Bahaa Al-Trad; Alaa A. A. Aljabali; Walhan Alshaer; Mazhar Al Zoubi; Sahar Omari; Diaa Fayyad; Murtaza M. Tambuwala
• Keywords: Male; Blood Glucose; 0301 basic medicine; A300 Clinical Medicine; Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism; Metal Nanoparticles; Organic chemistry; Biochemistry; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Diabetes, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidants; Diabetes mellitus; Endocrinology; Nanoparticle; Dispersity; Dittrichia viscosa; Nanotechnology; Internal medicine; Intraperitoneal injection; Streptozotocin; Herbal Medicine for Neurological Disorders; Diabetes; H812 - Pharmaceutical engineering; 3. Good health; Chemistry; Nanomedicine; Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; Liver; Medicine; Dynamic light scattering; Original Article; Biotechnology; 610; Therapeutic Potential of Ayurvedic Medicine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; 03 medical and health sciences; Health Sciences; In vivo; Gold nanoparticles; Animals; Biology; Pharmacology; FOS: Nanotechnology; Plant Extracts; H812 Pharmaceutical Engineering; Zeta potential; Materials science; 620; Rats; Glucose; Hepatic gluconeogenesis; Complementary and alternative medicine; Enzyme; Colloidal gold; Gold; A300 - Clinical medicine

AbstractSeveral studies have reported the anti-diabetic effect of biologically synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This study was designed to investigate the in vivo anti-diabetic activity of AuNPs synthesized using the leaf extract of Dittrichia viscosa in a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes in rats. AuNPs were synthesized using the leaf extract of D. viscosa, and the synthesized AuNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectrophotometer, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta potential, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To study the anti-hyperglycemic effect of the AuNPs formed using D. viscosa extract, adult male Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into three groups (6–8 rats/group) as follows: control group, a diabetic group without treatment, and a diabetic group treated intraperitoneally with a daily injection of AuNPs at a dose of 2.5 mg/kg for 21 days. Diabetes was induced by maintaining the rats on HFD for 2 weeks, followed by a single intraperitoneal injection of 45 mg/kg of STZ. Serum and liver samples were collected at the end of the treatment period and used to measure glucose levels and hepatic gene expression and activity of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), the rate-limiting enzyme in the liver gluconeogenic pathway. The AuNPs formed using D. viscosa extract were mainly spherical with a size range between 20 and 50 nm with good stability and dispersity, as indicated by the zeta potential and DLS measurements. Treatment with AuNP significantly lowered the blood glucose level, the gene expression, and the activity of hepatic PEPCK in comparison to the diabetic untreated group (P < 0.05). This study suggests that AuNPs synthesized using D. viscosa leaf extract can alleviate hyperglycemia in HFD/STZ-induced diabetes in rats, which could be through the reduction of hepatic gluconeogenesis by inhibiting the expression and activity of the hepatic PEPCK gene. Graphical abstract Schematic illustration of the biosynthesis of AuNPs showing their distinctive morphology under the EM. The generated particles were injected into animals and serum glucose levels were reported in addition to the PEPCK expression and activity