The Tibetan Plateau Surface-Atmosphere Coupling System and Its Weather and Climate Effects: The Third Tibetan Plateau Atmospheric Science Experiment

• DOI: 10.1007/s13351-019-8602-3
• Publication Date: 2019-07-01T08:02:52Z
• Authors: Ping Zhao; Yueqing Li; Xueliang Guo; Xiangde Xu; Yimin Liu; Shihao Tang; Wenming Xiao; Chunxiang Shi; Yaoming Ma; Xing Yu; Huizhi Liu; La Jia; Yun Chen; Yanju Liu; Jian Li; Dabiao Luo; Yunchang Cao; Xiangdong Zheng; Junming Chen; An Xiao; Fang Yuan; Donghui Chen; Yang Pang; Zhiqun Hu; Shengjun Zhang; Lixin Dong; Juyang Hu; Shuai Han; Xiuji Zhou
• Keywords: East Asian Monsoon

The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is a key area affecting forecasts of weather and climate in China occurrences extreme events over the world. Meteorological Administration, National Natural Science Foundation China, Chinese Academy Sciences jointly initiated Third Atmospheric Experiment (TIPEX-III) 2013, with an 8–10-yr implementation plan. Since its preliminary field measurements conducted routine automatic sounding systems have been deployed at Shiquanhe, Gaize, Shenzha stations western TP, where no observations were available previously. observational networks for soil temperature moisture central TP also established. Meanwhile, plateau-scale regional-scale boundary layer observations, cloud-precipitation microphysical multiple radars aircraft campaigns, tropospheric-stratospheric air composition sites, performed. results so far show that turbulent heat exchange coefficient sensible flux are remarkably lower than earlier estimations grassland, meadow, bare surfaces TP. Climatologically, cumulus clouds main body might develop locally instead originating from propagate northward South Asia. TIPEX-III up to now reveal diurnal variations, macro- characteristics, water-phase transition mechanisms, Naqu station. Moreover, related studies proposed maintenance mechanism responsible Asian "atmospheric water tower" demonstrated effects heating anomalies on African, Asian, North American climates. Additionally, numerical modeling Γ distribution raindrop size more suitable depicting characteristics compared M-P distribution, overestimation can be reduced via modifying transfer parameterization considering climatic signals some areas improve skill rainfall forecast eastern parts China. Furthermore, has promoting technology processing surface soundings, radar improving quality satellite retrieved atmospheric vapor content products as well high-resolution gauge-radar-satellite merged products, facilitating meteorological monitoring, forecasting, data sharing operations.