Deep genotyping reveals specific adaptation footprints of conventional and organic farming in barley populations—an evolutionary plant breeding approach

• DOI: 10.1007/s13593-024-00962-8
• Publication Date: 2024-05-08T15:01:51Z
• Authors: Michael Schneider; Agim Ballvora; Jens Léon
• Keywords: 0303 health sciences; 03 medical and health sciences; Nutrient turnover; Composting and manuring; Breeding, genetics and propagation

Abstract Sustainable food production for a growing world population will pose central challenge in the coming decades. Organic farming is among feasible approaches to achieving this goal if yield gap conventional can be decreased. However, uncertainties exist which extend—and phenotypes particular—organic and agro-ecosystems require differentiated breeding strategies. To answer question, heterogeneous spring barley was established between wild an elite cultivar examine question. This initial divided into two sets sown one organic other managed agro-ecosystems, without any artificial selection A fraction of seeds harvested each year following year. Various generations, up 23th were whole-genome pool-sequenced identify adaptation patterns towards ecosystem climate conditions allele frequency shifts. Additionally, meta-data analysis conducted link genomic regions’ increased fitness agronomically related traits. long-term experiment highlights first time that pattern difference populations grew with subsequent generations. Further, organic-adapted showed higher genetic heterogeneity. The data indicate adaptations new environments happen few Drastic interannual changes are manifested significant changes. Particular form alleles positively selected both environments. Clustering these revealed associated biotic stress resistance, physiology, components systems. introduced root morphology, developmental processes, abiotic responses agro-ecosystem. Concluding analysis, we demonstrate organically adapted varieties should agro-ecosystem, focusing on root-related traits, close farming.