Neutrophilic Activity Biomarkers (Plasma Neutrophil Extracellular Traps and Calprotectin) in Established Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving Biological or JAK Inhibitors: A Clinical and Ultrasonographic Study

• DOI: 10.1007/s40744-024-00650-9
• Publication Date: 2024-03-02T14:02:00Z
• Authors: Beatriz Frade-Sosa; Andrés Ponce; Estíbaliz Ruiz-Ortiz; Noemí De Moner; María J. Gómara; Ana Belén Azuaga; Juan C. Sarmiento...; Rosa Morlà; Virginia Ruiz-Esq...; Laura Macías; Nuria Sapena; Lola Tobalina; Julio Ramirez; Juan D. Cañete; Jordi Yague; Josep M. Auge; José A. Gomez-Puerta; Odette Viñas; Isabel Haro; Raimon Sanmarti
• Keywords: Neutrophil Extracellular Traps; Rheumatoid factor; S100A8

This study assesses the accuracy of neutrophil activation markers, including extracellular traps (NETs) and calprotectin, as biomarkers disease activity in patients with established rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We also analyse relationship between NETs various types therapies well their association autoimmunity. Observational cross-sectional RA receiving treatment biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs or Janus kinase inhibitors (JAK-inhibitors) for at least 3 months. Plasma calprotectin levels were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test kit by measuring remnants plasma (neutrophil elastase-DNA histone-DNA complexes). assessed clinical activity, joint ultrasound findings autoantibody status [reumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated peptide/protein antibodies (ACPAs) anti-carbamylated protein (anti-CarP)]. Associations neutrophilic scores sought correlation analysis. The discriminatory capacity both to detect synovitis was analysed through receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves. One hundred fourteen included. Two control groups included compare NET levels. active group consisted 15 patients. second 30 healthy subjects. did not correlate status, regardless clinic index therapy administered. No significant observed synovitis. There no autoantibodies. In contrast, positively correlated parameters (swollen count [SJC] rho = 0.49; P < 0.001, Clinical Disease Activity Index [CDAI] 0.30; 0.001) (rho > 0.50; 0.001). Notably, this stronger than that acute phase reactants. While formation induced neutrophils may play a role pathogenesis, our raises questions about utility peripheral circulation biomarker inflammatory activity. strongly supports usefulness RA.