Are the total fertility rates of men and women different at below-replacement levels? An answer obtained from the G7 countries

• DOI: 10.1007/s42379-023-00141-4
• Publication Date: 2023-09-29T13:02:10Z
• Authors: Nan Li
• Keywords: Total fertility rate; Natural fertility

Abstract A child is born to a father and mother. This fact, however, yet be recognized by demography, in which fertility refers women’s natural ability give birth. The main reason for the absence of men that data on births are more often available women than men. But last few decades, availability has greatly improved. Recent studies show total rates (TFRs) can calculated most countries world difference between TFRs quite large. For low-fertility countries, nonetheless, these little women, giving rise question: Is men’s worth further investigation? To avoid ambiguity describing particular as small or big, this paper provides formula probabilistic TFRs. Using hypothesis test TFRs, we say statistically significant all G7 except France. explain differences study uses models stable populations concludes one-sex population cannot results whereas two-sex joint model do so. By using model, why TFR France almost same it lower other six countries. More specifically, help 76% variance women. Future may able significantly too above findings, require closer attention investigation, because low could lead socioeconomic problems. Beyond extending from well, is, conducting both men, will fundamentally improve our knowledge about age patterns, trends, determinants, policies related issues.