Who goes first? A distributed simulator study of vehicle–pedestrian interaction

• DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107050
• Publication Date: 2023-04-04T11:10:53Z
• Authors: Amir Hossein Kala...; Yue Yang; Jorge Garcia de P...; Yee Mun Lee; Anthony Horrobin; Albert Solernou; Christopher Holmes; Natasha Merat; Gustav Markkula
• Keywords: Driving simulator

One of the current challenges automation is to have highly automated vehicles (HAVs) that communicate effectively with pedestrians and react changes in pedestrian behaviour, promote more trustable HAVs. However, details how human drivers interact at unsignalised crossings remain poorly understood. We addressed some aspects this challenge by replicating vehicle-pedestrian interactions a safe controlled virtual environment connecting high fidelity motion-based driving simulator CAVE-based lab which 64 participants (32 pairs one driver pedestrian) interacted each other under different scenarios. The setting helped us study causal role kinematics priority rules on interaction outcome something not possible naturalistic studies. also found kinematic cues played stronger than psychological traits like sensation seeking social value orientation determining whether or passed first unmarked crossings. main contribution our experimental paradigm, permitted repeated observation crossing driver-pedestrian participant pair, yielding behaviours were qualitatively line observations from