The object as the unit for state switching in visual working memory

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2024.105808
• Publication Date: 2024-05-21T16:57:01Z
• Authors: Shengnan Zhu; Yongqi Li; Yingtao Fu; Jun Yin; Mowei Shen; Hui Chen
• Keywords: Male; Adult; Young Adult; Memory, Short-Term; Adolescent; Visual Perception; Reaction Time; Humans; Attention; Female; Photic Stimulation; Color Perception

This study aimed to determine the unit for switching representational states in visual working memory (VWM). Two opposing hypotheses were investigated: (a) the unit of switching being a feature (feature-based hypothesis), and (b) the unit of switching being an object (object-based hypothesis). Participants (N = 180) were instructed to hold two features from either one or two objects in their VWM. The memory-driven attentional capture effect, suggesting that actively held information in VWM can cause attention to be drawn towards matched distractors, was employed to assess representational states of the first and second probed colors (indicated by a retro-cue). The results showed that only the feature indicated to be probed first could elicit memory related capture for the condition of separate objects. Importantly, features from an integrated object could guide attention regardless of the probe order. These findings were observed across three experiments involving features of different dimensions, same dimensions, or perceptual objects defined by Gestalt principles. They provide convergent evidence supporting the object-based hypothesis by indicating that features within a single object cannot exist in different states.