Anaeramoebae are a divergent lineage of eukaryotes that shed light on the transition from anaerobic mitochondria to hydrogenosomes

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.10.010
• Publication Date: 2021-10-27T14:40:11Z
• Authors: Courtney W. Stairs; Petr Táborský; Eric D. Salomaki; Martin Kolisko; Tomáš Pánek; Laura Eme; Miluše Hradilová; Čestmír Vlček; Jon Jerlström-Hul...; Andrew J. Roger; Ivan Čepička
• Keywords: Lineage (genetic)

Discoveries of diverse microbial eukaryotes and their inclusion in comprehensive phylogenomic analyses have crucially re-shaped the eukaryotic tree life 21st century.1Burki F. Roger A.J. Brown M.W. Simpson A.G.B. The New Tree Eukaryotes.Trends Ecol. Evol. 2020; 35: 43-55Abstract Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (216) Google Scholar At deepest level, diversity comprises 9–10 "supergroups." One these supergroups, Metamonada, is particularly important to our understanding evolutionary dynamics cells, including remodeling mitochondrial function. All metamonads thrive low-oxygen environments lack classical aerobic mitochondria, instead possessing mitochondrion-related organelles (MROs) with metabolisms that are adapted conditions. These MROs an organellar genome, do not participate Krebs cycle oxidative phosphorylation,2Stairs C.W. Leger M.M. Diversity origins anaerobic metabolism mitochondria related organelles.Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 2015; 370: 20140326Crossref (85) often synthesize ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation coupled hydrogen production.3Leger Kolisko M. Kamikawa Stairs Kume K. Čepička I. Silberman J.D. Andersson J.O. Xu Yabuki A. et al.Organelles illuminate Trichomonas hydrogenosomes Giardia mitosomes.Nat. 2017; 1: 0092Crossref (55) Scholar,4Jerlström-Hultqvist J. Einarsson E. Hjort Ek B. Steinhauf D. Hultenby Bergquist Svärd S.G. Hydrogenosomes diplomonad Spironucleus salmonicida.Nat. Commun. 2013; 4: 2493Crossref (37) events occurred during transition from oxygen-respiring mitochondrion a functionally streamlined MRO early metamonad evolution remain largely unknown. Here, we report transcriptomes two recently described, enigmatic, protists genus Anaeramoeba.5Táborský P. Pánek T. Anaeramoebidae fam. nov., Novel Lineage Anaerobic Amoebae Amoeboflagellates Uncertain Phylogenetic Position.Protist. 168: 495-526Crossref (5) Using analysis, show species represent divergent, phylum-level lineage metamonads, emerging as sister group Parabasalia reordering deep branching order tree. Metabolic reconstructions Anaeramoeba reveal many "classical" features previously seen disulfide relay import system, propionate production, amino acid metabolism. Our findings suggest cenancestor Metamonada likely had more than anticipated demonstrate how discoveries novel lineages high taxonomic rank continue transform eukaryote evolution.