Long-term exposure to PM10 above WHO guidelines exacerbates COVID-19 severity and mortality

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106930
• Publication Date: 2021-10-18T22:36:51Z
• Authors: Montse Marquès; Eudald Correig; Daiana Ibarretxe; Eva Anoro; Juan Antonio Arroyo; Carlos Jericó; Rosa M. Borrallo; Marcel·la Miret; Silvia Näf; Anna Pardo; Verónica Perea; Rosa Pérez-Bernalte; Rafael Ramírez-Mo...; Meritxell Royuela; Cristina Soler; Maria Urquizu-Pad...; Alberto Zamora; Juan Pedro-Botet; Lluís Masana; José L. Domingo
• Keywords: PM 10; obesity; Time Factors; Environmental Protection Agency; analysis; :acciones y usos químicos::acciones tóxicas::contaminantes ambientales::contaminantes atmosféricos [COMPUESTOS QUÍMICOS Y DROGAS]; retrospective study; air pollution; :Chemical Actions and Uses::Toxic Actions::Environmental Pollutants::Air Pollutants [CHEMICALS AND DRUGS]; adverse event; environmental exposure; Diseases; mortality rate; :Otros calificadores::Otros calificadores::/efectos adversos [Otros calificadores]; COVID-19 (Malaltia); 01 natural sciences; PM10 exposure; Comorbidities; Observational study; time factor; 11. Sustainability; :virosis::infecciones por virus ARN::infecciones por Nidovirales::infecciones por Coronaviridae::infecciones por Coronavirus [ENFERMEDADES]; GE1-350; Aire - Contaminació - Aspectes ambientals; Air Pollutants; High heterogeneity; Patient's suffering; atmospheric pollution; :Virus Diseases::RNA Virus Infections::Nidovirales Infections::Coronaviridae Infections::Coronavirus Infections [DISEASES]; Air quality standards; COVID-19 severity; cohort analysis; 3. Good health; Aire - Contaminació; aged; comorbidity; Long term exposure; female; :Health Care Economics and Organizations::Organizations::International Agencies::United Nations::World Health Organization [HEALTH CARE]; diabetes mellitus; disease severity; Regression analysis; Nitrogen oxides; nitrogen dioxide; infectious disease; World Health Organization; :economía y organizaciones para la atención de la salud::organizaciones::instituciones internacionales::Naciones Unidas::Organización Mundial de la Salud [ATENCIÓN DE SALUD]; Partícules (Matèria); Article; long term exposure; coronavirus disease 2019; :salud ambiental::ciencia::contaminación::contaminación física::contaminación radiactiva::salud ambiental::ciencia::salud ambiental::ciencia::salud ambiental::materia particulada [SALUD PÚBLICA]; PM10; male; death; Air Pollution; :Other subheadings::Other subheadings::/adverse effects [Other subheadings]; Humans; controlled study; human; 0105 earth and related environmental sciences; SARS; particulate matter; COVID-19 mortality; :salud ambiental::salud ambiental::ciencia::contaminación::contaminación ambiental::riesgos ambientales::exposición ambiental [SALUD PÚBLICA]; SARS-CoV-2; air pollutant; pollution exposure; toxicity; COVID-19; prediction; Environmental Exposure; asthma; mortality; major clinical study; Environmental sciences; Pm10; age; 13. Climate action; Air quality; disease exacerbation; observational study; Particulate Matter; :Environmental Health::Science::Contamination::Physical Contamination::Radioactive Pollution::Environmental Health::Science::Environmental Health::Science::Environmental Health::Particulate Matter [PUBLIC HEALTH]; chronic obstructive lung disease; :Environmental Health::Environmental Health::Science::Contamination::Environmental Pollution::Environmental Hazards::Environmental Exposure [PUBLIC HEALTH]

Age, sex, race and comorbidities are insufficient to explain why some individuals remain asymptomatic after SARS-CoV-2 infection, while others die. In this sense, the increased risk caused by long-term exposure air pollution is being investigated understand high heterogeneity of COVID-19 infection course.We aimed assess underlying effect NO2 PM10 on severity mortality COVID-19.A retrospective observational study was conducted with 2112 patients suffering infection. We built two sets multivariate predictive models relationship between outcome. First, probability either death or severe outcome predicted as a function all clinical variables together pollutants means regularized logistic regressions. Subsequently, linear regressions were constructed predict percentage dead patients. Finally, odds ratios effects estimates calculated.We found that more important variable than already stated (i.e.: COPD/Asthma, diabetes, obesity) in prediction mortality. showed highest (1.65, 95% CI 1.32-2.06) severity. For mortality, corresponded age (3.59, 2.94-4.40), followed (2.37, 1.71-3.32). an increase 1 µg/m3 concentration causes 3.06% (95% 1.11%-4.25%) disease 2.68% 0.53%-5.58%) deaths.These results demonstrate burdens above WHO guidelines exacerbate health outcomes. Hence, guidelines, quality standard established Directive 2008/50/EU, US-EPA should be updated accordingly protect human health.