Assessing the impact of autologous virus neutralizing antibodies on viral rebound time in postnatally SHIV-infected ART-treated infant rhesus macaques

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2024.100780
• Publication Date: 2024-06-27T18:52:12Z
• Authors: Ellie Mainou; Stella J. Berendam; Veronica Obregon-...; Emilie A. Uffman; Caroline T. Phan; George M. Shaw; Katharine J. Bar; Mithra R. Kumar; Emily J. Fray; Janet M. Siliciano; Robert F. Siliciano; Guido Silvestri; Sallie R. Permar; Genevieve G. Fouda; Janice McCarthy; Ann Chahroudi; Jessica M. Conway; Cliburn Chan
• Keywords: Viremia; Simian immunodeficiency virus

While the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation in perinatally infected infants are well documented, is not always possible postnatal pediatric HIV infections. The timing ART likely to affect size latent viral reservoir established, as development adaptive immune responses, such generation neutralizing antibody responses against virus. How these parameters impact ability control viremia and time rebound after interruption unclear has never been modeled infants. To investigate this question we used an infant nonhuman primate Simian/Human Immunodeficiency Virus (SHIV) infection model. Infant Rhesus macaques (RMs) were orally challenged with SHIV.C.CH505 375H dCT either given at 4-7 days post-infection (early condition), 2 weeks (intermediate or 8 (late condition). These then monitored for up 60 months serial load measurements. gain insight into analytic treatment (ATI), constructed mathematical models effect delaying when interrupted, focusing on relative contributions autologous virus responses. We developed a stochastic model joint size, potency, CD4+ T cell levels RMs rebounding post-ATI. find that important determinant explaining by affecting growth rate presence antibodies can also delay rebound, but high potency only. Finally, discuss therapeutic implications our findings.