Exploring the complex trade-offs and synergies of global ecosystem services

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2024.100391
• Publication Date: 2024-01-21T00:37:05Z
• Authors: Jinnan Wang; Wenjun Wu; Meng Yang; Yueming Gao; Jiacheng Shao; Weishan Yang; Guoxia Ma; Fang Yu; Nan Yao; Hongqiang Jiang
• Keywords: Environmental sciences; 0301 basic medicine; Synergy; 03 medical and health sciences; Ecosystem services; Biophysical quantity; Trade-off; GE1-350; Monetary value; Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering; TD1-1066; Original Research

The trade-off and synergy relationship of ecosystem services is an important topic in the current assessment. value each service provided by substantially affected human activities, conversely, its changes will also affect relevant decisions. Due to varying trade-offs among synergies between them that can either increase or decrease, it difficult optimize multiple simultaneously, making a huge challenge for management. This study firstly develops global Gross Ecosystem Product (GEP) accounting framework. It uses remote sensing data with spatial resolution 1 km estimate forests, wetlands, grasslands, deserts, farmlands 179 major countries 2018. results show range GEP values USD 112-197 trillion, average 155 trillion (the constant price), ratio gross domestic product (GDP) 1.85. different continent income group have been further explored. We found correspondence levels within nation. Among specific services, there are strong oxygen release, climate regulation, carbon sequestration services. A has observed flood regulation other such as water conservation soil retention low-income countries. help clarify roles feedback mechanisms stakeholders provide scientific basis optimizing management implementing ecological compensation schemes enhance well-being.