Multivariate statistical and hydrochemical approaches for evaluation of groundwater quality in north Bahri city-Sudan

• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11308
• Publication Date: 2022-10-28T23:24:05Z
• Authors: Musaab A.A. Mohammed; Norbert P. Szabó; Péter Szűcs
• Keywords: Sodium adsorption ratio; Alkalinity

Groundwater has recently been considered one of the primary sources water supply in Sudan. However, groundwater quality is continuously degraded due to overexploitation and long-term agricultural operations. The fossilized Cretaceous Nubian sandstone principal aquifer study area. This research aims determine major factors influencing detect suitability for drinking irrigation purposes by integrating hydrochemical multivariate statistical methods. Hydrochemical plots such as Piper, Chadha, Durov diagrams were applied facies processes controlling quality. They indicated Ca-Mg-HCO3 type a dominant followed Na-HCO3 Na-Cl types. Gibbs suggested that dissolution minerals main factor results plot further interpreted using saturation indices (SI). SI values aragonite, calcite, dolomite precipitated respectively 58.33%, 75%, 75% samples. Multivariate analyses, including Pearson's correlation analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), component analyses (PCA), jointly employed identify structure data deduce revealed effect physical human-induced activities chemistry. These are rock-water interaction, practice, organic contamination from septic tanks. Further, determined sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) percent (Na+%) indices. carefully samples area excellent except some sample location where salinity hazard stimulated ion exchange. integrated approach was effective calibrating assessment methodologies. current concluded implication monitoring scheme crucial ensure sustainability north Bahri city.