Differential peptide-dependent regulation of growth hormone (GH): A comparative analysis in pituitary cultures of reptiles, birds, and mammals

• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33060
• Publication Date: 2024-06-14T21:31:06Z
• Authors: Valeria A. Urban-...; José Ávila-Mendoza; Martha Carranza; Carlos G. Martíne...; Maricela Luna; Carlos Arámburo
• Keywords: Human growth hormone

Growth hormone (GH) is a pituitary protein that exerts pleiotropic roles in vertebrates. The mechanisms regulating GH synthesis and secretion are finely controlled by hypothalamic neuropeptides other factors. These processes have been considerably studied mammals but still poorly understood groups. To better understand the regulation during vertebrate phylogeny, we compared effects of incubating several peptides on cultures ex-vivo fragments obtained from representative specimens reptiles (iguana), birds (chicken) (rat). used were: growth hormone-releasing (GHRH), thyrotropin-releasing (TRH), adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), ghrelin, gonadotropin-releasing (GnRH), somatostatin (SST). In rat cultures, was stimulated GHRH TRH, while gh mRNA expression increased PACAP. case chicken pituitaries, release promoted GHRH, PACAP, GnRH, although latter two had dual effect since at shorter incubation time they decreased secretion; turn, significantly GnRH. most intense were observed iguana where augmented GnRH; inhibited ghrelin SST. Also, three species, SST able to block GHRH-stimulated release. Furthermore, it found Pou1f1 with greater potency PACAP iguana, than or cultures. Additionally, in-silico analysis gene promoter structures species showed reptilian has more Pit-1 consensus binding sites their avian mammalian counterparts. Taken together, results demonstrate peptide-mediated regulatory differentially along evolution.