Development and evaluation of vaccination strategies for addressing the continuous evolution SARS-CoV-2 based on recombinant trimeric protein technology: Potential for cross-neutralizing activity and broad coronavirus response

• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34492
• Publication Date: 2024-07-17T21:20:56Z
• Authors: Peng Du; Ning Li; Shengjun Tang; Zhongcheng Zhou; Zhihai Liu; Taorui Wang; Jiahui Li; Simiao Zeng; Juan Chen
• Keywords: 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Coronavirus

Given the significant decline in vaccine efficacy against Omicron, development of novel vaccines with specific or broad-spectrum effectiveness is paramount. In this study, we formulated four monovalent based on recombinant spike trimer proteins, along three bivalent vaccines, and five proteins. We evaluated different vaccination regimens eliciting neutralizing antibodies mice through pseudovirus neutralization assays. Following two doses primary immunization D614G, received subsequent immunizations Omicron (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4/5) boosters individually, which led to generation broader more potent cross-neutralizing activity compared D614G boosters. Notably, BA.4/5 booster exhibited superior efficacy. BA.4/5), were subsequently immunized one dose resulted BA.4/5). unvaccinated mice, full-course induced broad pre-Omicron variants, D614G&BA.4/5 demonstrating However, other XBB.1.5/1.9.1 notably reduced. This observation emphasizes necessity timely updates antigen composition. Based these findings existing studies, propose a strategy aimed at preserving epitope repertoire its maximum potential: (1) Individuals previously vaccinated infected variants should inoculate containing components; (2) who have only been be inoculated (3) without SARS-CoV-2 infection comprising both components for immunization. Additionally, cross-inoculation protein SARS-CoV-1 preliminarily demonstrated possibility cross-reaction between coronavirus produce resistance pan-coronavirus.