Biodiversity of aerobic endospore-forming bacterial species occurring in Yanyanku and Ikpiru, fermented seeds of Hibiscus sabdariffa used to produce food condiments in Benin

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2013.02.008
• Publication Date: 2013-02-27T18:33:04Z
• Authors: Pélagie B. Agboba...; Line Thorsen; Dennis S. Nielsen; Paulin Azokpota; Noèl Akissoe; Joseph D. Hounhou...; Mogens Jakobsen
• Keywords: Ribosomal; 0301 basic medicine; 16S; Bacteria; Genotype; Bacterial; Biodiversity; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Aerobiosis; Bacterial Load; 03 medical and health sciences; Genes; Hibiscus; Genes, Bacterial; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Fermentation; Seeds; RNA; Benin; Condiments; Phylogeny

Yanyanku and Ikpiru made by the fermentation of Malcavene bean (Hibiscus sabdariffa) are used as functional additives for Parkia biglobosa seed fermentations in Benin. A total of 355 aerobic endospore-forming bacteria (AEFB) isolated from Yanyanku and Ikpiru produced in northern and southern Benin were identified using phenotypic and genotypic methods, including GTG5-PCR, M13-PCR, 16S rRNA, gyrA and gyrB gene sequencing. Generally, the same 5-6 species of the genus Bacillus predominated: Bacillus subtilis (17-41% of isolates), Bacillus cereus (8-39%), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (9-22%), Bacillus licheniformis (3-26%), Bacillus safensis (8-19%) and Bacillus altitudinis (0-19%). Bacillus aryabhattai, Bacillus flexus, and Bacillus circulans (0-2%), and species of the genera Lysinibacillus (0-14%), Paenibacillus (0-13%), Brevibacillus (0-4%), and Aneurinibacillus (0-3%) occurred sporadically. The diarrheal toxin encoding genes cytK-1, cytK-2, hblA, hblC, and hblD were present in 0%, 91% 15%, 34% and 35% of B. cereus isolates, respectively. 9% of them harbored the emetic toxin genetic determinant, cesB. This study is the first to identify the AEFB of Yanyanku and Ikpiru to species level and perform a safety evaluation based on toxin gene detections. We further suggest, that the gyrA gene can be used for differentiating the closely related species Bacillus pumilus and B. safensis.