Autoantibody profiles assessment in individuals with persistent olfactory impairment following SARS-CoV-2 infection

• DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111599
• Publication Date: 2024-02-07T06:29:49Z
• Authors: Denise Fiorelli; Beatrice Francavilla; Gianluca Velletrani; Sara Maurantonio; Francesco Maria P...; Sergio Bernardini; Stefano Di Girolamo; Marzia Nuccetelli
• Keywords: Hyposmia; Anosmia

Olfactory impairment, particularly hyposmia and anosmia, has emerged as a distinctive early symptom of SARS-CoV-2. Drawing on the historical association autoimmune diseases with olfactory function, this study delves into connections between COVID-19, autoimmunity, persistent dysfunctions, focusing individuals experiencing long-lasting smell disorders (3–18 months post-SARS-CoV-2 infection). The comprised 36 Long Covid patients alongside two control groups. functionality was assessed using Sniffin' Sticks extended test. Non-invasive mucosa brushing nasal secretions were processed for samples, while serum samples obtained through peripheral venous sampling. A panel autoantibodies, including Immunocirculating Complexes, ANA, ENA, AECA, investigated in brush supernatant samples. Contrary to expectations, absence traditional autoantibodies challenges proposed etiology Covid-associated dysfunction. However, presence potential pathogenic role AECA suggest viral cytopathic inflammatory involvement specific anatomical districts. One hypothesis explores impact inflammation cytokine release induced by infection, altering neuronal signaling contributing hyposmia. This research contributes our understanding complex relationships COVID-19. classical prevailing theories, prominence hints at unique viral-induced mechanisms. By unraveling these complexities, enhances comprehension post-acute sequelae, offering valuable perspectives immune-mediated responses aftermath pandemic.