Resource consumption drivers and pathways to reduction: economy, policy and lifestyle impact on material flows at the national and urban scale

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.027
• Publication Date: 2015-02-17T22:20:49Z
• Authors: Yuliya Kalmykova; Leonardo Rosado; João Patrício
• Keywords: Consumption; Material flow analysis; Urban Metabolism; Resource Efficiency; Circular Economy

An analysis of material flows that also considers economic and social indicators has been performed at the national (Sweden) urban scale (Stockholm Gothenburg) to study dynamics resource use during last two decades. A summary policies related consumption implemented EU, local is presented their probable effects discussed based on empirical evidence. The trends indicate have failed bring significant reductions in energy throughput. Resource increased both Sweden as a whole studied cities. Moreover, construction materials electronics grown exponentially, even when normalized by population. few success stories are absolute reduction fossil fuel achieved Stockholm, building halve complete abolishment oil heating Sweden. lifestyle characteristics an impact include high income, car ownership, large residential floor space, movements dietary choices. electronics, textiles cosmetic products was shown considerably. same quantities food consumed, but diet changed. Waste generation far outpaces improvements recycling. In recycling, waste-to-energy growing faster than which impedes development circular economy. main limitation to-date they only address efficiency use, do nothing reduce demand for resources. addition, efforts so restricted consumption. reality we must urgently all resources, not just fuels. We call greater concern more action towards reducing nonfuel