Long-term decline of the populations of Fucales (Cystoseira spp. and Sargassum spp.) in the Albères coast (France, North-western Mediterranean)

• DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2005.06.014
• Publication Date: 2005-07-19T14:20:40Z
• Authors: Thierry Thibaut; Susana Pinedo; Xavier Torras; Enric Ballesteros
• Keywords: 0106 biological sciences; Overgrazing; Biodiversity erosion; Outcompetition; Phaeophyceae; Population Dynamics; Fucales; Mediterranean; Environment; 01 natural sciences; Mediterranean Sea; pollution; 14. Life underwater; Demography; Population Density; Sargassum; outcompetition; 15. Life on land; Pollution; Biological Evolution; [SDE.BE] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; 13. Climate action; overgrazing; France; [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology; biodiversity erosion; Environmental Monitoring; Forecasting

Only five of fourteen species of Fucales reported at the end of the XIXth century are currently present in the Albères Coast (France, NW Mediterranean). According to historical data there has been a steady decrease of all the populations since the 1940s. Seven taxa now extinct (Cystoseira crinita, Cystoseira barbata, Cystoseira foeniculacea f. tenuiramosa, Cystoseira spinosa, Cystoseira spinosa var. compressa, Sargassum hornschuchii and Sargassum vulgare) were considered frequent and some of them were the dominant and engineering species in several phytobenthic assemblages. Moreover, only one of the five species left, shows no signs of regression (Cystoseira compressa), two are considered as rare (Cystoseira caespitosa, Cystoseira zosteroides), and one is very rare (Cystoseira elegans). Cystoseira mediterranea, a species that was reported to make a continuous belt along the shores of the Albères coast, has almost disappeared from some areas. Overgrazing by sea urchins, outcompetition by mussels, habitat destruction, scientific research sampling and, probably, human trampling and chemical pollution are to be blamed for the decline of populations thriving in shallow waters. Deep-water species have been affected by an increase in water turbidity and, probably, chemical pollution and direct plant destruction attributed to net fishing. If degradation of the environmental conditions continues, the remaining Cystoseira species will face a most unwelcome prospect. Even after the removal of the causes that led to its die-off, natural restoration of extinct species seems not to be possible because the decline has also affected populations from nearby areas and zygotes are unable to disperse over long distances. Urgent management actions have to be designed in order to improve the current situation of the populations of Fucales in the Albères coast.