Knowledge matters: Chest radiology report generation with general and specific knowledge

• DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2022.102510
• Publication Date: 2022-06-09T22:41:20Z
• Authors: Shuxin Yang; Xian Wu; Shen Ge; S. Kevin Zhou; Li Xiao
• Keywords: FOS: Computer and information sciences; Computer Science - Computation and Language; X-Rays; Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (cs.CV); Image and Video Processing (eess.IV); Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition; 02 engineering and technology; Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing; 3. Good health; Radiography; FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering; 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering; Humans; Diagnostic Errors; Radiology; Computation and Language (cs.CL); Algorithms

Automatic radiology report generation is critical in clinics which can relieve experienced radiologists from the heavy workload and remind inexperienced radiologists of misdiagnosis or missed diagnose. Existing approaches mainly formulate radiology report generation as an image captioning task and adopt the encoder-decoder framework. However, in the medical domain, such pure data-driven approaches suffer from the following problems: 1) visual and textual bias problem; 2) lack of expert knowledge. In this paper, we propose a knowledge-enhanced radiology report generation approach introduces two types of medical knowledge: 1) General knowledge, which is input independent and provides the broad knowledge for report generation; 2) Specific knowledge, which is input dependent and provides the fine-grained knowledge for report generation. To fully utilize both the general and specific knowledge, we also propose a knowledge-enhanced multi-head attention mechanism. By merging the visual features of the radiology image with general knowledge and specific knowledge, the proposed model can improve the quality of generated reports. Experimental results on two publicly available datasets IU-Xray and MIMIC-CXR show that the proposed knowledge enhanced approach outperforms state-of-the-art image captioning based methods. Ablation studies also demonstrate that both general and specific knowledge can help to improve the performance of radiology report generation.<br/>Medical Image Analysis<br/>