Lattice vibrations of materials for lithium rechargeable batteries

• DOI: 10.1016/j.mseb.2003.09.028
• Publication Date: 2004-04-13T10:22:09Z
• Authors: C.M. Julien; M.A. Camacho-Lopez
• Keywords: FTIR spectroscopy; Lithium batteries; Lithium–manganese oxide; Raman spectroscopy; Lattice dynamics; 02 engineering and technology; 0210 nano-technology

Lithiated spinel manganese oxides with various amounts of lithium have been prepared through solid-state reaction and electrochemical intercalation and deintercalation. Local structure of the samples are studied using Raman scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. We report vibrational spectra of lithiated manganese oxides LixMn2O4 as a function of lithium concentration in the range 0.1≤x≤2.0. Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectral results indicated multiple-phase reactions when the lithium content is modified in the spinel lattice. Lattice dynamics of lithiated spinel manganese oxides have been interpreted using either a classical factor-group analysis or a local environment model. The structural modifications have been studied on the basis of vibrations of LiO4 tetrahedral and MnO6 octahedral units when Li/Mn≤0.5, and LiO4, LiO6, and MnO6 structural units when Li/Mn>0.5.