Multi-channel whole-head OPM-MEG: Helmet design and a comparison with a conventional system

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116995
• Publication Date: 2020-05-29T15:34:48Z
• Authors: Ryan M. Hill; Elena Boto; Molly Rea; Niall Holmes; James Leggett; Laurence A. Coles; Manolis Papastavrou; Sarah K. Everton; Benjamin A.E. Hunt; Dominic Sims; James Osborne; Vishal Shah; Richard Bowtell; Matthew J. Brookes
• Keywords: Adult; Male; 0301 basic medicine; MEG; Functional Neuroimaging; OPM; Beta; Brain; Magnetoencephalography; Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry; Optically pumped magnetometer; Equipment Design; Article; Young Adult; 03 medical and health sciences; 0302 clinical medicine; Humans; Female; Head Protective Devices; Gamma; RC321-571

ABSTRACTMagnetoencephalography (MEG) is a powerful technique for functional neuroimaging, offering a non-invasive window on brain electrophysiology. MEG systems have traditionally been based on cryogenic sensors which detect the small extracranial magnetic fields generated by synchronised current in neuronal assemblies, however such systems have fundamental limitations. In recent years quantum-enabled devices, called optically-pumped magnetometers (OPMs), have promised to lift those restrictions, offering an adaptable, motion-robust MEG device, with improved data quality, at reduced cost. However, OPM-MEG remains a nascent technology, and whilst viable systems exist, most employ small numbers of sensors sited above targeted brain regions. Here, building on previous work, we construct a wearable OPM-MEG system with ‘whole-head’ coverage based upon commercially available OPMs, and test its capabilities to measure alpha, beta and gamma oscillations. We design two methods for OPM mounting; a flexible (EEG-like) cap and rigid (additively-manufactured) helmet. Whilst both designs allow for high quality data to be collected, we argue that the rigid helmet offers a more robust option with significant advantages for reconstruction of field data into 3D images of changes in neuronal current. Using repeat measurements in two participants, we show signal detection for our device to be highly robust. Moreover, via application of source-space modelling, we show that, despite having 5 times fewer sensors, our system exhibits comparable performance to an established cryogenic MEG device. While significant challenges still remain, these developments provide further evidence that OPM-MEG is likely to facilitate a step change for functional neuroimaging.HIGHLIGHTSA 49-channel whole-head OPM-MEG system is constructedSystem evaluated via repeat measurements of alpha, beta and gamma oscillationsTwo OPM-helmet designs are contrasted, a flexible (EEG-like) cap and a rigid helmetThe rigid helmet offers significant advantages for a viable OPM-MEG device49-channel OPM-MEG offers performance comparable to established cryogenic devices