Long-Range Guidance of Spinal Commissural Axons by Netrin1 and Sonic Hedgehog from Midline Floor Plate Cells

• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.12.025
• Publication Date: 2019-01-17T16:33:26Z
• Authors: Zhuhao Wu; Shirin Makihara; Patricia T. Yam; Shaun Teo; Nicolas Renier; Nursen Balekoglu; Juan Antonio More...; Olav Olsen; Alain Chédotal; Frédéric Charron; Marc Tessier-Lavigne
• Keywords: Male; 0301 basic medicine; Commissural neurons; Haptotaxis; Cerebral Ventricles; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Mice; 03 medical and health sciences; Animals; Hedgehog Proteins; Cells, Cultured; Neurons; Spinal cord; Axon guidance; Netrin1; Sonic hedgehog; Chemoattraction; Netrin-1; Long-range guidance; Axon Guidance; Rats; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Rhombencephalon; Spinal Cord; Female

An important model for axon pathfinding is provided by guidance of embryonic commissural axons from dorsal spinal cord to ventral midline floor plate (FP). FP cells produce a chemoattractive activity, comprised largely of netrin1 (FP-netrin1) and Sonic hedgehog (Shh), that can attract the axons at a distance in vitro. netrin1 is also produced by ventricular zone (VZ) progenitors along the axons' route (VZ-netrin1). Recent studies using region-specific netrin1 deletion suggested that FP-netrin1 is dispensable and VZ-netrin1 sufficient for netrin guidance activity in vivo. We show that removing FP-netrin1 actually causes guidance defects in spinal cord consistent with long-range action (i.e., over hundreds of micrometers), and double mutant analysis supports that FP-netrin1 and Shh collaborate to attract at long range. We further provide evidence that netrin1 may guide via chemotaxis or haptotaxis. These results support the model that netrin1 signals at both short and long range to guide commissural axons in spinal cord.