Translational models of stress and resilience: An applied neuroscience methodology review

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nsa.2024.104064
• Publication Date: 2024-04-04T09:10:13Z
• Authors: Zeynep Seda Albayrak; Andreia Vaz; Joeri Bordes; Selen Ünlü; Milou S.C. Sep; Christiaan H. Vin...; Luisa Pinto; Hale Yapici-Eser
• Keywords: Stressor; Translational Research; Resilience

Stress, encompassing psychological, physical, and physiological challenges, is an important factor affecting individual's well-being potentially leading to psychiatric, neurodegenerative, immune, metabolic disorders. However, not everyone exposed stress develops these conditions, highlighting the concept of resilience. Resilience a dynamic process categorized into four dimensions: pre-existing resilience capacity, ongoing processes, post-stress outcomes, recovery from psychopathologies. These dimensions involve genomic, cellular, systemic interactions influenced by genetic factors, early life experiences, adult experiences in addition community/environmental health behaviors. The biological response encompasses endocrine, autonomic, immunological, behavioral components, modulated stressor characteristics individual traits. Due limitations studying humans, translational models using rodents cell cultures are essential. Rodent include acute, chronic, traumatic paradigms, aiding study stress-related molecular outcomes. Additionally, models, such as prenatal maternal separation, provide insights developmental impacts. In this review, first, rodent for lifelong exposure will be summarized considering their validity, advantages, limitations. Subsequently, overview designed enhance capacity rodents, later employed outcomes given. Lastly, focus shifted culture iPSCs models. Finally, future considerations focused on improving used discussed. It aimed designs access more effective biomarkers associated with Stress complex phenomena various spanning levels. Integrating data across remains crucial unraveling complexities disorders