Solving the sign problems of the massless lattice Schwinger model with a dual formulation

• DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysb.2015.06.017
• Publication Date: 2015-06-18T17:21:01Z
• Authors: Christof Gattringer; Thomas Kloiber; Vasily Sazonov
• Keywords: Massless particle; Lattice (music); Dual representation; Representation

We derive an exact representation of the massless Schwinger model on lattice in terms dual variables which are configurations loops, dimers and plaquette occupation numbers. When expressed with partition sum has only real positive also when a chemical potential or topological term added -- situations where conventional complex action problem. The allows for Monte Carlo simulations without restrictions values vacuum angle.