Lump molecules in fluid systems: Kadomtsev-Petviashvili I case

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physleta.2021.127848
• Publication Date: 2021-11-19T20:10:04Z
• Authors: Zhao Zhang; Biao Li; Abdul-Majid Wazwaz; Qi Guo
• Keywords: 0103 physical sciences; 01 natural sciences

Abstract Based on the reduced version of the Grammian form, a lump molecule, a bound state of lump waves, is obtained for the famous Kadomtsev-Petviashvili I system. In this study, the coordinates of lump waves in molecules are explicitly given in order to accurately describe asymptotic behavior of a lump molecule. And the dynamic properties of a lump molecule have been studied meticulously by means of asymptotic analysis, numerical calculations and images. The interaction between lump molecules is also discussed in detail, and this paper clearly points out the difference between such interaction and the collision of multiple lump waves. The lump molecules reported in this research will deepen the knowledge that lump waves can move along curves and velocities can change at any time.