Does sacroiliitis is a mandatory criterion for enthesitis-related arthritis diagnosis?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2023.12.005
• Publication Date: 2024-01-13T23:25:01Z
• Authors: Hanene Lassoued F...; Lobna Kharrat; Dorra Ben Nessib; Dhia Kaffel; Kaouther Maatallah; Wafa Hamdi
• Keywords: Male; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Humans; Female; Sacroiliac Joint; Sacroiliitis; Child; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Sensitivity and Specificity; Arthritis, Juvenile; Retrospective Studies

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sensitivity and specificity seem to be less studied in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA). We aimed to determine the ability of sacroiliac MRI to diagnose ERA patients.We conducted a retrospective study including 44 patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Each patient had a sacroiliac joint MRI. We divided patients into two groups: G1 patients with ERA and G2 patients with non-ERA subtype.ERA was noted in 61% of the cases. Sacroiliac joints were painful in 15 patients (34%). MRI was normal in 25 patients (57%) (G1:11 versus G2:14) and showed bone marrow edema in the sacroiliac joints in 19 patients (34%) (G1=16 versus G2=3, p=0.005). Sacroiliac joints MRI's sensitivity and specificity in the ERA diagnosis were 61.54% and 82.35%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 84.21% and 58.33%, respectively. Furthermore, sacroiliac joint pain in the clinical examination was able to predict sacroiliac bone edema in MRI with an odds ratio of 6.8 (95% CI 1.68-28.09; p=0.006).Our study showed that sacroiliac joint MRI has good specificity and positive predictive value in the diagnosis of ERA patients among JIA patients. This underlines the usefulness of sacroiliac joint MRI in the early diagnosis of ERA patients.