A long-term capacity investment and operational energy planning model with power-to-X and flexibility technologies

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112781
• Publication Date: 2022-08-02T22:59:12Z
• Authors: Felipe Feijoo; Antun Pfeifer; Luka Herc; Daniele Groppi; Neven Duić
• Keywords: Variable renewable energy; Power-to-Gas; Investment; Demand Response; Nameplate capacity

In this research, we present a new long-term energy planning model that considers endogenous capacity investment, dispatch, Power-to-X, and demand response technologies. A thorough literature review of existing models is also presented, allowing to the distinctive characteristics proposed model. The an system with objective minimizing total investment cost, throughout all technologies, operational cost faced by in satisfying demand. links among different sectors, including between electricity, industry, heat, transport, electro-fuels (e.g., Hydrogen) sectors. used study decarbonization Croatian under distinct policies associated RES levels CO2 emissions goals. We demonstrate Power-to-X technologies can certainly provide flexibility required investments variable renewable sources, obtaining systems lesser critical excess production. Higher usage battery storage Power-to-heat are adopted primarily for shares reductions close 80%, while below such levels, adoption limited. Additionally, options become major when limits on from heating sector imposed and, particularly, electricity gets 60%.