Towards the circular economy — A pilot-scale membrane technology for the recovery of water and nutrients from secondary effluent

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148266
• Publication Date: 2021-06-10T03:04:20Z
• Authors: Krystian Czuba; Anna Bastrzyk; Aleksandra Rogowska; Kamil Janiak; Kornelia Pacyna; Nina Kossińska; Michał Kita; Przemysław Chrobot; Daria Podstawczyk
• Keywords: Nanofiltration; Ultrafiltration (renal); Reclaimed water

The concept of water reuse was proposed more than two decades ago in regions that suffered from scarcity or relied on unpredictable supplies. Since then, climate change, a rapidly growing global urban population, and environmental pollution have impacted sustainable resources, driving rise demand for efficient wastewater reclamation technologies. According to the new Circular Economy Action Plan established by EU, most activities are undertaken as part treatment process should primarily concern search technologies use source nutrients. This article proposes approach secondary effluent (SE) management recover valuable components variety purposes, beginning with itself followed With this objective mind, we reclaimed SE an integrated 3-stage pilot-scale membrane (micro/ultrafiltration, nanofiltration reverse osmosis). effect inlet pressure flow configuration (cross-flow dead-end filtration), well type membrane, efficiency composition investigated. In study, microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF), (NF) not only pre-treatment processes osmosis (RO) but also produce various purposes. technology allowed production several types applications. These uses include (a) industrial cooling medium, (b) non-potable applications (e.g., irrigation microelements), (c) potable supplies, (d) groundwater remediation. classification proper made based standards, regulations, available literature. conducted research demonstrated versatility regard non-exclusive Additionally, cost-effectiveness implementation presented 3-stage-membrane calculated.