Toxicological impact of Thiamethoxam on adult male rats: Histopathological, biochemical, and oxidative DNA damage assessment

• DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2025.101983
• Publication Date: 2025-03-15T20:06:46Z
• Authors: Sahar Y. Issa; S.M. Abdel Rahman; Yasmin M. Gaber; Nada A.H. Soliman

Thiamethoxam (TMX), a widely used second-generation neonicotinoid insecticide, has raised concerns due to its toxic effects on non-target species, including mammals. Its prolonged use is associated with hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and reproductive damage. This study evaluates the dose-dependent biochemical, histopathological, genetic of TMX in male albino rats, emphasizing impact liver, kidney, systems. Forty Wistar rats were assigned control three experimental groups treated at 26, 39, 78 mg/kg/day over eight weeks. Key biochemical markers such as Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate (AST), urea, creatinine oxidative stress indicators (Catalase (CAT), Glutathione (GSH), Malondialdehyde (MDA), parameters (testosterone, sperm count, motility) analyzed. Histopathological examination testes was performed, alongside evaluation Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) damage testicular tissue. exposure caused significant increases liver kidney function stress. Reproductive toxicity evident, reduced testosterone levels, impaired parameters, histopathological Notably, induced DNA tissue, indicated by increased levels 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. highlights TMX's systemic manner, key mechanisms. The findings underscore need for stricter regulatory measures further exploration protective strategies mitigate TMX-induced toxicity.